Pashazada Simnar Aladdin,
Dissertand of the Institute “Azerbaijan National Academy of Science of Economics”,
World Economy
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Understanding the complex nature of legal systems involves recognizing the interconnectedness of laws, court systems, and enforcement bodies. At its core, a legal system provides the framework for establishing rules, resolving disputes, and maintaining order within a society.
Laws form the bedrock upon which any legal system is built. These laws cover a wide spectrum of areas, including criminal law which defines and punishes acts deemed harmful to society, civil law governing disagreements between individuals or organizations, and specific domains like contract, property, or commercial law. Depending on the nation, laws arise through different processes – either enacted by legislative bodies as statutes, developed through landmark court decisions creating precedent (as in common law systems), or a hybrid approach that blends both [9].
Court systems are essential for the interpretation and application of laws. They offer a structured avenue for individuals and entities to bring legal claims, defend against accusations, and seek justice. Courts exist in various tiers: trial courts where cases are initially heard, appellate courts that review lower court decisions, and often, a supreme court serving as the final arbiter on constitutional matters and setting binding precedents [6].
Enforcement bodies ensure that the laws enacted and the rulings issued by courts are followed. Key among these are the police who maintain public order and investigate crimes, prosecution services that build the legal case against suspects, correctional facilities for those convicted of crimes, and regulatory bodies that monitor compliance in specific industries like finance or healthcare [4].
Additionally, a well-functioning legal system benefits from a strong legal profession. Lawyers, paralegals, and other legal experts guide individuals and businesses through the legal maze, advising them on their rights and representing them when necessary. Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms like mediation and arbitration can also play a key role, offering avenues to settle disagreements outside of traditional courtroom settings [2].