Nabizade Gunel Eldaniz,
master’s student (2nd year) at the law faculty of Baku State University, maritime and energy law.
E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
In the energy sector, one of the sectors where the effects of globalization are felt most, the search for cooperation has accelerated, especially with the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Cooperation efforts between the former Soviet Union countries, which are rich in energy resources but limited in investment resources, and developed European countries, which are poor in energy resources but rich in investment resources, were first mentioned at the meetings of the European Council in Dublin in 1990 and the first official studies began. has been started. The road map on this issue was determined with the European Energy Declaration published in 1991. Finally, these efforts bore fruit with the Energy Charter Agreement signed in 1994, and a comprehensive and multilateral agreement was reached for the first time in the energy sector.
The shaping of the EU’s energy policy started with the European Coal and Steel Community, which was established with the Paris Agreement of 1951, which formed the basis of the Union; It gained momentum with the signing of the agreements establishing the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community in 1958. In the 1960s, 60 percent of energy demand was met by coal, while the share of oil was only ten percent. During these dates, various directives were published and some protocols were signed in order to create a common energy policy. The oil crisis in the 1970s made it necessary for the Union to create a new energy strategy, and the European Council adopted the “New Energy Policy Strategy” in 1974, which envisaged reducing energy consumption, ensuring supply security and protecting the environment in the production and consumption processes of energy. has adopted a policy [12, p.26]. In the 1980s, efforts to establish a single market and liberalization in the energy sector gained importance. However, due to the dependence of electricity and natural gas on relatively new developing technologies and their transportation and distribution being dependent on networks, free circulation in these sectors occurred later, and both energy sectors remained dependent on national markets for decades [19, p.24].
The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s and the emergence of independent states rich in energy resources gave rise to the idea of cooperation between EU countries poor in energy resources and newly independent states with limited investment opportunities [15, p.435]. At the meeting of the European Council in Dublin in 1990, the Netherlands stated that the economic development in Eastern Europe and Russia would gain momentum with the cooperation in the energy sector, and with the acceptance of this opinion by the Council, studies were carried out on how to carry out this cooperation [10, p.336]. In February 1991, the European Community Commission proposed the concept of the “European Energy Charter” and in the same year, to start EU negotiations, it included all Western and Eastern European countries, the not yet dissolved USSR and the non-European Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). invited their countries to the conference held in Brussels. The USA, Canada, Australia and Japan also joined the conference shortly afterwards. Finally, on 17 December 1991, almost at the same time as the dissolution of the USSR, the European Energy Charter Declaration (ECSC) was signed in The Hague by 38 states and the EU, including Turkey and the USA, [10, p.55] and a political framework aimed at ensuring cooperation in the energy sector. It emerged as a statement of intent. No binding international agreement has been signed between the parties. ESC has currently been signed by 58 states and continues to exist as a mandatory stage for the signing of ECA [23].